Navigating Safety Data Sheets (SDS): A Complete Guide

Navigating Safety Data Sheets (SDS): A Complete Guide

Why SDSs Matter

Safety Data Sheets—or SDSs—are standardized documents that provide essential safety and handling information about hazardous chemicals. Mandated by OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard, SDSs are designed to keep workers informed, prepared, and safe.

Manufacturers and importers are required to create an SDS for every hazardous chemical they produce or bring into the U.S. Employers, in turn, must ensure that SDSs are readily accessible for all hazardous chemicals present in the workplace.

The Standard 16-Section Format

Every SDS follows a globally standardized 16-section format, adopted under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), making it easier to locate important safety information. Here’s a breakdown of what each section contains, using propane as an example:

1. Identification – Lists the product name (e.g., Propane), synonyms (e.g., LP-Gas), typical uses, manufacturer contact information, and emergency phone numbers.
2. Hazard Identification – Includes pictograms (e.g., flame, gas cylinder), signal word (“Danger”), hazard statements (“Extremely flammable gas”), and safety precautions.
3. Composition/Information on Ingredients – Identifies the chemical components and their concentrations. For propane, the SDS shows it contains 80–100% propane.
4. First-Aid Measures – Offers step-by-step guidance on what to do if exposed. For example: “Flush eyes with lukewarm water and seek medical attention.”
5. Fire-Fighting Measures – Recommends fire extinguishing media (e.g., dry chemical, CO₂) and protective equipment for firefighters.
6. Accidental Release Measures – Describes how to safely respond to leaks or spills. For propane: “Spillages of liquid product create a fire hazard and may form an explosive atmosphere.”
7. Handling and Storage – Covers precautions for safe storage and use. Propane is heavier than air and may accumulate in low areas like basements.
8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection – Lists exposure limits and required PPE, such as eye protection and thermal-insulating gloves.
9. Physical and Chemical Properties – Provides key data like boiling point (-44°F), appearance (colorless), and odor (none unless an odorant is added).
10. Stability and Reactivity – Warns about conditions to avoid (e.g., heat or ignition sources) and chemical reactivity.
11. Toxicological Information – Details potential health effects. Propane is classified as a simple asphyxiant—it displaces oxygen and can cause suffocation.

Sections 12–15: Additional Information

While OSHA doesn’t require Sections 12–15, they often provide valuable supplemental details. Important: OSHA enforces only Sections 1 through 11 and Section 16 of the SDS. Sections 12 through 15 are optional under U.S. law, but often included for consistency with global GHS standards.

1. Ecological Information – Describes environmental impact. Propane evaporates readily and is not expected to significantly affect aquatic life.
2. Disposal Considerations – Offers guidelines for safe disposal. While propane isn’t typically considered waste, empty cylinders must be handled properly to prevent leaks.
3. Transport Information – Includes shipping classifications and hazard class (e.g., 2.1 for flammable gas).
4. Regulatory Information – Covers applicable laws and safety regulations (e.g., California’s Proposition 65).

Section 16: Other Information

This final section includes the SDS preparation or revision date, along with any notes or disclaimers that clarify or expand on the safety information provided.

Quick Access = Safer Workplaces

Every employee should know how to access and interpret an SDS. These documents are your go-to reference for:

• Emergency procedures
• Required PPE
• Proper handling and storage
• Spill and leak responses

For more information on OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard and SDS formatting, refer to 29 CFR 1910.1200. Staying informed is the best way to stay protected.